Two adjacent open pits in Mali hosted by deeply weathered saprolitic materials were mined consecutively over the course of approximately 12 months. During excavation, both pits experienced significant displacement and tension cracking as the result of deeper than expected depth of weathering coupled with relatively steep slope angles and significant groundwater.
In response, geotechnical and operations teams overcame numerous monitoring challenges with prisms and radar to develop a simple and effective monitoring system coupled to a Trigger Action Response Plan (TARP) which enabled continued safe operations while reducing ore loss.
Observations of previous slope performance of these two pits allowed for greater confidence in empirical failure runout calculations that was used to specify the standoff widths for the exclusion zones in the pit.
Back analysis of the slope as-built performance after the first indications of slope distress was also conducted. The back analysis was used to confirm rock mass parameters for modelling while being utilised as a reality check for the stability analysis. The stability analysis indicated that leaving a large step-out or buttress would not prevent the displacement, resulting in some ore being sacrificed to ensure the safety of personnel.
Key learnings from this experience highlight the importance of:
• up-to-date geological interpretation of the depth of weathering
• ensuring slope design guidance is reviewed and updated as latest information (ie geology and monitoring) is received
• having multiple complementary slope monitoring methods to ensure redundancy
• ensuring visual observations and as-built performance are utilised as a reality check to provide greater confidence in stability analysis and design guidance.