Initial coal production at Ulan was solely from underground mines. A significant increase in demand for steaming coal in the late 1970's emphasised the need to further expand production and led to the development of the open cut mine which commenced commercial production in June, 1982._x000D_
During the initial stages of mine planning, feasibility and cost studies were undertaken to determine the most suitable method for coal haulage from the pit. The comparison between a conventional truck haulage system and an in-pit crushing system using a mobile crusher and moveable belt conveyor haulage confirmed that the mobile crusher and conveyor system was superior in every respect for the Ulan mining operations._x000D_
Technical features and design parameters for the major items of equipment are outlined as well as operating, manning and performance assessments._x000D_
Minor equipment problems were encountered during initial operation but these have since been rectified and the plant is now capable of exceeding the design production. Maintenance and energy costs are considerably lower than originally estimated and production efficiencies are continually improving as operators develop new techniques and procedures in the handling of the equipment.