Mining and mineral processing makes a vital contribution to Australia's national export income, and our society today is critically dependent on its products. Despite the importance of this industry, its operations often come under scrutiny because of its high potential impact on local environments - both social and ecological. The challenge for the minerals industry today is to make the most responsible and best possible use of the national resource base, maximising overall resource utilisation._x000D_
Research efforts and industry implementation of improvements have been moving in this direction for a considerable time already, and the industry has a long history of process innovation and improvement in Australia. Examples range from the early development of gold cyanidation and mineral flotation to more recent work undertaken under the auspices of AMIRA or through the various CRCs and research organisations such as the AJ Parker CRC for Hydrometallurgy, the Cooperative Research Centre for Mining Technology and Equipment and the Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre._x000D_
However, the nature of research and innovation in the mining and mineral processing sector is changing, as the industry itself copes with the pressures introduced by globalisation, industry consolidation and commodity price cycles. Large firms that have historically maintained a tradition of corporate technology and a culture of innovation are moving to outsource their technological and research competencies and are adopting fast-follower' mentalities. At the same time, the challenges of sustainable development that need to be addressed are many-faceted, multidisciplinary, and require a holistic approach for significant achievements to be realised. Many sustainability issues, particularly those pertaining to environmental and safety issues, are shared across large sections of the minerals industry, and are seen as industry' problems beyond the scope of a single company._x000D_
In this environment, collaborative research efforts are becoming the dominant mechanisms for building on past innovations and ensuring the continued success of the mining and mineral processing industries within a framework of sustainable development.