Mine closure planning integrated into life-of-mine (LOM) planning during the operational phase consists of many subcategories. One of these subcategories that needs to be fully integrated into the LOM planning is that of water management planning. Issues arise when mine water management infrastructure, which is required post-mine closure, is only considered closer to the end of LOM. Once the mine is closed monitoring is focused on water quality as an indicator of closure performance, hence inadequate upfront post-mining water management planning or integration into operations will result in environmental harm. The lack of considering post-mining water management is not uncommon in LOM planning. Poor mine site water management and planning are a wide reaching problem for the mining industry. Numerous active mines have been issued with environmental notices and penalties for contaminated water discharge; including issues with abandoned mines now being cared for by governments all over the world.Mitigating sources of water contamination caused by existing and closed mine sites that are leaching pollutants might be impractical, due to inaccessibility to the contaminants or final landform topography. The opportunity to consider and introduce post-closure required mine water management infrastructure is lost once the waste facilities are constructed. Mitigating contamination is made more problematic with mines located in remote areas, serviced by dedicated roads, water supply, electrical supply, etc. It is expected that these services will be decommissioned or drastically reduced, once closure is reached making remedial work much harder. Inadequate planning, to ensure access and easily maintainable water management infrastructure, could lead to erosion and contamination going unnoticed. There are numerous examples of poor mine water management practices in Africa, Asia, Australia, South and North America. In the United States more than 23 000 km of streams are affected by pollution sourced from some 50 000 abandoned or mature mine sites (DeGraff, 2007).CITATION:Boshoff, H J J, 2014. Inadequate water management planning resulting in long-term closure liabilities, in Proceedings Life-of-Mine 2014 , pp 233-246 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).