The first step in the mining and processing of nearly any mineral ore is comminution. Since the oil embargo of 1979, the mining companies have been striving to reduce energy consumption and costs. The first serious step was the introduction of in-pit crushing in the early 1980s. With in-pit crushing accepted as a standard design mode, the energy saving emphasis turned to comminution practices. A great deal of attention has been focused on blasting and grinding. The one step that has not been addressed is the primary crusher. This paper will address the opportunities for comminution improvement through optimisation of the primary crusher._x000D_
FORMAL CITATION:Utley, R W, 2004. Primary crusher optimisation for improved comminution, in Proceedings Metallurgical Plant Design and Operating Strategies 2004, pp 117-132 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).