Conference Proceedings
MINPREX 2000
Conference Proceedings
MINPREX 2000
Impurities in a Murray Basin Zircon Sand
Zircon producers are often required to lower impurity levels to meet customer specifications as most of these impurities adversely effect the end use. For example, zircon sand in foundry applications needs to be free of any surface impurities (eg clay, gibbsite and goethite) which otherwise could cause sintering or fusion between cast metal and the zircon mould. Light coloured ceramic grade zircon, typically low in iron oxides and titania, is preferred in ceramics applications. The presence of impurities in zircon sands is a problem in the magnetic and electrostatic separation stages of their concentration. Previous work (Aral et al, 1997) showed that impurities in zircon sand concentrates occurred in the form of stains on grain surfaces, discrete gangue minerals and in the mineral grains. The gangue minerals such as rutile, garnet, xenotime, monazite, spinels, ilmenite, and aluminium silicates in the concentrate in some cases (Aral et al, 1997) contribute significantly to the impurity content of the concentrate. A careful hand picking of the impurity grains from a Western Australian zircon sand showed that the impurity content of the concentrate could be lowered significantly as a result of the removal of the surface stained grains and gangue minerals. The hand-picked dirty' fraction, comprised about eight per cent by weight of the concentrate, and consisted mostly of iron-oxide/hydroxide-stained zircon, silica grains and rutile, and occasionally ilmenite, monazite, gahnite and other (unidentified) coloured grains. The chemical analysis of the remaining clean' fraction showed that the major impurities (Fe and Ti) were reduced significantly (Table 1). The reduction in the uranium content was about 30 per cent. The other measured impurities, P, Mg, Al, Th, and Ca remained mostly unchanged as shown in Table 1. The contribution of ilmenite to the overall iron content of clean' zircon was insignificant as it comprised about 0.1 per cent weight of the clean' zircon. Rutile was the major source of titanium contamination (about one per cent by weight). Recent work (Aral and Calle, 1999) on zircon sand concentrates from the Murray Basin showed that, under the electron microprobe, the bulk of the impurities occurred in the dark back scattered electron (BSE) regions of the zoned zircon grains. The impurity contents of the light BSE regions and unblemished (unzoned) grains were low. The impurity content in zoned zircons has been investigated on single, relatively large, crystals (McLaren, Gerald and Williams, 1994; Smith et al, 1991; Romans, Brown and White, 1975). These studies generally aimed to investigate the incorporation of U in zircon as zircon is used extensively for U-Pb geochronology owing to its relatively high content of uranium. Smith et al (1991) identified a striking difference in composition between the areas of lower (dark BSE) and higher (light BSE) average atomic number in the zoned zircon. Their work showed in particular that the zones of lower atomic numbers contained very significant amounts of trace metals such as Y, REE, Nb, U, Al, Fe, Ca, Ba and, by difference H2O. In this paper the impurity distribution in zoned zircon grains was investigated on statistically significant number of grains before and after a leach treatment. The distribution of impurities was also measured in unblemished areas to compare the results.
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H Aral
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- Published: 1999
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- Unique ID: P200005051