Mining is the oldest industrial practice on the planet with a history dating back over 3000 years. Since the early iron age ores have been extracted for use in a variety of contexts by humankind, from domestic to military, transport and more recently for complex industrial applications. Mineral exploration and extraction has evolved from the early exploitation of primary metal occurrences in relatively small quantities such as iron, gold, coal and copper, to the bulk mining and extraction of highly complex polymetallic oxides and sulfides today. Since the industrial revolution, mining practice has evolved substantially to support an increasing range and quantity of required metals and to accommodate the increasing scarcity of high-quality sources of these metals. A common response to the increasing scarcity of mineral resources has been to expand production through simple economies of scale, thus diluting fixed costs. This approach, however, is increasingly ineffective in the face of current trends, that include increasingly complex mineralogy, increasing pressure on environmental footprint - energy in particular, and increasing scarcity of capital for the construction of presently popular mega-mines'. This paper examines historical trends and current practice in mineral exploitation in the light of the current global revolution in social, environmental and economic values as the projects move towards a vastly different topology for the industry for continued success in years to come.CITATION:Bamber, A S, 2012. The mining industry needs to be shaken and stirred, in Proceedings Narrow Vein Mining 2012 , pp 3-14 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).