Indosinian (T) orogeny amalgamated the Mongolia-Xingan fold zone, the North China continent, the Yangtzi platform
and the SE China fold zone into a unified continent. The early to middle Yanshanian (J-K,) orogeny created a
Cordilleran type active continental margin in East Asia, reactivated the consolidated East China continent, and generated
a large amount of granitoids, calc-alkaline volcanics and W, Sn, Mo, Cu, Au, and U ore deposits. The late Yanshanian
(K2) orogeny began a transition to the western Pacific type continental margin. A tensional environment led to the
development of peralkaline magmatism and the formation of continental basins with red beds. The Himalayan (Tr-Q)
orogeny was characterised by a backarc spreading and rifting regime. The dominant magmatism was continental basaltic.