The sampling of non-ferrous concentrates from trucks and trains has long been carried out either manually or by automatic spears. Very little use has been made of conventional sampling systems for sampling concentrates at transfer points, or cross-belt samplers for sampling from the belt as the concentrate moves along the conveyor._x000D_
Due to the high value of base metal concentrates and the often extremely heterogeneous nature of the material it is imperative that the sampling procedures adopted are accurate and precise. The basic principle that all particles in the stream have an equal opportunity to be included in the final sample is not fulfilled by accepted traditional concentrate sampling procedures such as the spearing of wagons, trucks or streams._x000D_
This may lead to significant bias being introduced into the final sample._x000D_
Consequently, the application of correct sampling procedures, either with conventional cross-stream samplers or the newer cross-belt samplers, is of prime importance._x000D_
SGS Australia has recently installed a number of cross-belt samplers for the sampling of base metal concentrates both in Australia and overseas. The application of these samplers will be discussed with emphasis on the benefits of their use.