The case study has identified and characterised additional subsidence arising from longwall mining above or under existing longwall goaf._x000D_
It suggests that the magnitude, mechanisms and prediction methods for such additional subsidence are different between the two mining configurations._x000D_
This paper presents a proposed method to predict maximum vertical subsidence due to longwall mining under existing longwall goaf. It suggests that, unless different results from further new cases become available, the findings presented in this article, including the aforementioned prediction method, be applicable to the majority of sites in New South Wales, where multi-seam longwall mining is to take place._x000D_
This article also presents an important concept of overburden modification' due to multi-seam mining. A causal relationship between the above-mentioned additional subsidence and overburden modification' has been identified as a result of the case studies. Further investigations into the physical processes that cause such overburden modification will be fundamental to the understanding and management of multi-seam subsidence.