Narrow vein metalliferous mining in the UK has a long history, but there are only two small gold operations at present (Clogau and Gwynfynydd). Four further gold properties are at various stages of evaluation (Calliachar, Cononish, Curraghinalt and Maestryfer). The South Crofty tin mine closed earlier in the year. Narrow veins are exploited underground and are challenging to evaluate because of their geologically variable nature. They are generally less than 3 m wide, discordant, of variable dip (<30 - 90) and display complex structure and paragenesis. a high degree of geometrical and grade discontinuity is observed which often makes it difficult to assess their shape and reserves from drill data alone. there is thus a need for expensive underground development and in-fill drilling typically on 25 m centres or less. three extraction methods have been used in the uk over the past two decades; overhand shrinkage (entry method), longhole open (non-entry method) and reef open (entry method) stoping. the choice of method is governed by geology and involves consideration of efficiency (recovery dilution), safety and capital and operating costs. geological variables which require consideration include vein geometry (width shape dip), rock types, tectonic effects (faulting and folding), grade distribution, geotechnical properties and hydrogeology. in general, longhole open stoping is suited to steeply dipping veins with widths in excess of 1.5 m, and shrinkage stoping with those of less than 1.5 m width. the challenge is to guide the operations so as to produce ore economically with as little dilution as possible, at the least cost commensurate with needs for safety and the environment. mining may represent up to 70 per cent of the total operating costs of which labour forms a large part (up to 50 per cent) and gives the small size of the mines. the level of in-stope mechanisation possible is small, but the introduction of lhd's for mucking has increased productivity.>