In terms of tunnelling the mining industry is generally thought of as the crude cousin of the civil construction industry. Mining has tended to concentrate on speed and flexibility rather than the high standards required in civil tunnelling. Historically this difference has been based on the belief that such high standards were not required by the mining industry, they would slow down the development of the project and as a result increase the costs and extend the time period between start up and a positive cashflow._x000D_
For civil works the construction of a tunnel is the project, for mining the construction of declines, crosscuts and drives are merely the means of accessing the orebody so that the real work can begin - MINING. Extraction of ore is the core business of most mining companies - it is what pays the bills._x000D_
Though most mining companies have the equipment, the people, the knowledge and the ability to excavate tunnels, in the past mining companies did not appear to put the same energy into their tunnelling operations as they put into improving their ore extraction operations. In the past decade this appears to have changed, many mining companies now realise how important the correct excavation of a decline is to the success of the overall mining operation. They began to recognise that there were cost benefits to be gained in using the correct development techniques without overly sacrificing the benefits of speed and flexibility._x000D_
This recognition also coincided with the growth of underground contractors whose predominant work was primary development (declines and ore access crosscuts and drives). The contractors again had the same knowledge, the same people, and similar equipment but their focus was different from that of the mining company - the contractors were focused on the development of the mine, the excavation of declines, crosscuts and drives. These deliverables were the contractors' core business - it's what paid the bills.